Pod memory hog exec

Pod memory hog exec is a Kubernetes pod-level chaos fault that consumes excessive memory resources on the application container. Since this fault stresses the target container, the primary process within the container may consume the available system memory on the node.

• Memory usage within containers is subject to various constraints in Kubernetes.
• When specification mentions the resource limits, exceeding these limits results in termination of the container due to OOM kill.
• For containers that have no resource limits, the blast radius is high which results in the node being killed based on the oom_score.

Use cases

Pod memory hog exec:

• Simulates conditions where the application pods experience memory spikes either due to expected or undesired processes.
• Simulates the situation of memory leaks in the deployment of microservices.
• Simulates application slowness due to memory starvation, and noisy neighbour problems due to hogging.
• Verifies pod priority and QoS setting for eviction purposes.
• Verifies application restarts on OOM (out of memory) kills.
• Tests how the overall application stack behaves when such a situation occurs.

Permissions required

Below is a sample Kubernetes role that defines the permissions required to execute the fault.

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: hce
  name: pod-memory-hog-exec
spec:
  definition:
    scope: Cluster # Supports "Namespaced" mode too
permissions:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "deletecollection", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "create"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["deployments, statefulsets"]
    verbs: ["get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["replicasets, daemonsets"]
    verbs: ["get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["chaosEngines", "chaosExperiments", "chaosResults"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["batch"]
    resources: ["jobs"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "deletecollection"]

Prerequisites

• Kubernetes > 1.16
• The application pods should be in the running state before and after injecting chaos.

Optional tunables

Tunable	Description	Notes
MEMORY_CONSUMPTION	Amount of memory used consumed by the pod (in megabytes).	Default: 500 MB (Up to 2000 MB). For more information, go to memory consumption
TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION	Duration for which to insert chaos (in seconds).	Default: 60 s. For more information, go to duration of the chaos
NODE_LABEL	Node label used to filter the target node if TARGET_NODE environment variable is not set.	It is mutually exclusive with the TARGET_NODE environment variable. If both are provided, the fault uses TARGET_NODE. For more information, go to node label.
TARGET_PODS	Comma-separated list of application pod names subject to pod memory hog.	If not provided, the fault selects target pods randomly based on provided appLabels. For more information, go to target specific pods
TARGET_CONTAINER	Name of the target container.	If this value is not provided, the fault selects the first container of the target pod. For more information, go to target specific container
CHAOS_KILL_COMMAND	Command to kill the chaos process. If the commands don't work, check if the target pod's base image offers a shell. If yes, identify the appropriate shell command to kill the chaos process.	Defaults to kill $(find /proc -name exe -lname '*/dd' 2>&1 | grep -v 'Permission denied' | awk -F/ '{print $(NF-1)}' | head -n 1). An alternative to the default command is kill -9 $(ps afx | grep "[dd] if=/dev/zero" | awk '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ' '). For more information, go to chaos kill commands
PODS_AFFECTED_PERC	Percentage of total pods to target. Provide numeric values.	Default: 0 (corresponds to 1 replica). For more information, go to pod affected percentage
RAMP_TIME	Period to wait before and after injecting chaos (in seconds).	For example, 30 s. For more information, go to ramp time
LIB_IMAGE	Image used to inject chaos.	Default: chaosnative/chaos-go-runner:main-latest. For more information, go to image used by the helper pod.
SEQUENCE	Sequence of chaos execution for multiple target pods.	Default: parallel. Supports serial and parallel. For more information, go to sequence of chaos execution

Memory consumption

Amount of memory consumed by the target pod. The memory consumption limit is 2000 MB. Tune it by using the MEMORY_CONSUMPTION environment variable.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# memory to be stressed in MB
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-memory-hog
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # memory consumption value in MB
            # it is limited to 2000MB
            - name: MEMORY_CONSUMPTION
              value: "500" #in MB
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              value: "60"

Chaos kill commands

Kill command set to exhaust the resources. Tune it by using the CHAOS_KILL_COMMAND environment variable.

• CHAOS_KILL_COMMAND: "kill $(find /proc -name exe -lname '*/dd' 2>&1 | grep -v 'Permission denied' | awk -F/ '{print $(NF-1)}' | head -n 1)"

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# provide the chaos kill command used to kill the chaos process
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-memory-hog-exec
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # command to kill the dd process
            # alternative command: "kill -9 $(ps afx | grep \"[dd] if=/dev/zero\" | awk '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ' ')"
            - name: CHAOS_KILL_COMMAND
              value: "kill $(find /proc -name exe -lname '*/dd' 2>&1 | grep -v 'Permission denied' | awk -F/ '{print $(NF-1)}' | head -n 1)"
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              value: "60"