VMware network loss

VMware network loss injects network packet loss from the VMware VM(s) into the application (or service).

• This results in flaky access to the application.
• It checks the performance of the application (or process) running on the VMware VM(s).

Use cases

VMware network loss:

• Simulates issues within the VM network (or microservice) communication across services in different hosts.
• Determines the impact of degradation while accessing a microservice.
• Limits the impact (blast radius) to the traffic that you wish to test by specifying the IP addresses, if the VM stalls or gets corrupted while waiting endlessly for a packet.
• Simulates degraded network with varied percentages of dropped packets between microservices.
• Simulates loss of access to specific third party (or dependent) services (or components).
• Simulates blackhole against traffic to a given availability zone, that is, failure simulation of availability zones.
• Simulates network partitions (split-brain) between peer replicas for a stateful application.

Prerequisites

• Kubernetes > 1.16 is required to execute this fault.
• Appropriate vCenter permissions should be provided to start and stop the VMs.
• The VM should be in a healthy state before and after injecting chaos.
• Kubernetes secret has to be created that has the Vcenter credentials in the CHAOS_NAMESPACE. VM credentials can be passed as secrets or as a ChaosEngine environment variable. Below is a sample secret file:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: vcenter-secret
  namespace: litmus
type: Opaque
stringData:
    VCENTERSERVER: XXXXXXXXXXX
    VCENTERUSER: XXXXXXXXXXXXX
    VCENTERPASS: XXXXXXXXXXXXX

Mandatory tunables

Tunable	Description	Notes
VM_NAMES	Names of the target VMs as comma-separated values.	For example, vm-1,vm-2.
VM_USER_NAME	Username of the target VM(s).	Multiple usernames can be provided as comma-separated values which corresponds to more than one VM under chaos. It is used to run the govc command.
VM_PASSWORD	Password for the target VM(s).	It is used to run the govc command.

Optional tunables

Tunable	Description	Notes
TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION	Duration that you specify, through which chaos is injected into the target resource (in seconds).	Defaults to 30s. For more information, go to duration of the chaos.
CHAOS_INTERVAL	Time interval between two successive instance terminations (in seconds).	Default: 30s. For more information, go to chaos interval.
NETWORK_PACKET_LOSS_PERCENTAGE	Packets lost during transmission (in percent).	Default: 100%. For more information, go to network packet loss.
DESTINATION_IPS	IP addresses of the services or pods whose accessibility you want to affect. You can also specify a CIDR block.	Comma-separated IPs (or CIDRs) can be provided. If it has not been provided, network chaos is induced on all IPs (or destinations). For more information, go to run with destination IPs.
DESTINATION_HOSTS	DNS names (or FQDN names) of the services whose accessibility is affected.	If it has not been provided, network chaos is induced on all IPs (or destinations). For more information, go to run with destination hosts.
SOURCE_PORTS	Comma-separated ports of the target application, the accessibility to which is impacted. If not provided, it will induce network chaos for all ports. For Example: 5000,8080	Alternatively, the source ports that should be exempted from the chaos can also be provided by prepending a ! before the list of ports. For example: !5000,8080. For more information, go to source ports.
DESTINATION_PORTS	Ports of the destination services or pods or the CIDR blocks(range of IPs) whose accessibility is impacted. If not provided, network chaos is induced on all ports. For example, 5000,8080.	Alternatively, the destination ports to be exempted from the chaos can be provided by prepending a ! to the list of ports. For example, !5000,8080. For more information, go to destination ports.
SEQUENCE	Sequence of chaos execution for multiple instances.	Defaults to parallel. Supports serial sequence as well. For more information, go to sequence of chaos execution.
RAMP_TIME	Period to wait before and after injecting chaos (in seconds).	For example, 30s. For more information, go to ramp time.
DEFAULT_HEALTH_CHECK	Determines if you wish to run the default health check which is present inside the fault.	Default: 'true'. For more information, go to default health check.

Secret tunables

Tunable	Description	Notes
GOVC_URL	vCenter server URL used to perform API calls using the govc command.	It is derived from a secret.
GOVC_USERNAME	Username of the vCenter server used for authentication purposes.	It can be set up using a secret.
GOVC_PASSWORD	Password of the vCenter server used for authentication purposes.	It can be set up using a secret.
GOVC_INSECURE	Runs the govc command in insecure mode. It is set to true.	It can be set up using a secret.

tip

If the environment variables DESTINATION_HOSTS or DESTINATION_IPS are left empty, the default behaviour is to target all hosts. To limit the impact on all the hosts, you can specify the IP addresses of the service (use commas to separate multiple values) or the DNS or the FQDN names of the services in DESTINATION_HOSTS.

Network packet loss

Network packet loss (in percentage) injected to the VM. Tune it by using the NETWORK_PACKET_LOSS_PERCENTAGE environment variable.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: VMware-engine
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: VMware-network-loss
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # network packet loss percentage
        - name: NETWORK_PACKET_LOSS_PERCENTAGE
          value: '100'
        - name: VM_NAME
          value: 'vm-1,vm-2'
        - name: VM_USER_NAME
          value: 'ubuntu,debian'
        - name: VM_PASSWORD
          value: '123,123'

Run with destination IPs and destination hosts

IPs or hosts that interrupt traffic by default. Tune them by using the DESTINATION_IPS and DESTINATION_HOSTS environment variables, respectively.

DESTINATION_IPS: IP addresses of the services or the CIDR blocks (range of IPs) whose accessibility is impacted. DESTINATION_HOSTS: DNS names of the services whose accessibility is impacted.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

## it injects the chaos for the egress traffic for specific ips/hosts
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: VMware-engine
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: VMware-network-loss
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # supports comma separated destination ips
        - name: DESTINATION_IPS
          value: '8.8.8.8,192.168.5.6'
        # supports comma separated destination hosts
        - name: DESTINATION_HOSTS
          value: 'google.com'
        - name: VM_NAME
          value: 'vm-1,vm-2'
        - name: VM_USER_NAME
          value: 'ubuntu,debian'
        - name: VM_PASSWORD
          value: '123,123'

Source and destination ports

By default, the network experiments disrupt traffic for all the source and destination ports. Interrupt the specific port(s) using the SOURCE_PORTS and DESTINATION_PORTS environment variables, respectively.

• SOURCE_PORTS: Ports of the target application whose accessibility is impacted.
• DESTINATION_PORTS: Ports of the destination services or pods or the CIDR blocks(range of IPs) whose accessibility is impacted.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# it inject the chaos for the egress traffic for specific ports
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: VMware-engine
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: vmware-network-loss
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # supports comma separated source ports
        - name: SOURCE_PORTS
          value: '80'
        # supports comma separated destination ports
        - name: DESTINATION_PORTS
          value: '8080,9000'
        - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
          value: '60'

Ignore source and destination ports

By default, the network experiments disrupt traffic for all the source and destination ports. Ignore the specific ports using the SOURCE_PORTS and DESTINATION_PORTS environment variables, respectively.

• SOURCE_PORTS: Source ports that are not subject to chaos as comma-separated values preceded by !.
• DESTINATION_PORTS: Destination ports that are not subject to chaos as comma-separated values preceded by !.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# ignore the source and destination ports
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: vmware-network-loss
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # it will ignore 80 and 8080 source ports
        - name: SOURCE_PORTS
          value: '!80,8080'
        # it will ignore 8080 and 9000 destination ports
        - name: DESTINATION_PORTS
          value: '!8080,9000'
        - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
          value: '60'

Network interface

Name of the ethernet interface that shapes the traffic. Tune it by using the NETWORK_INTERFACE environment variable. Its default value is eth0.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

## it injects the chaos for the egress traffic for specific ips/hosts
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: VMware-engine
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: VMware-network-loss
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # name of the network interface
        - name: NETWORK_INTERFACE
          value: 'eth0'
        - name: VM_NAME
          value: 'vm-1,vm-2'
        - name: VM_USER_NAME
          value: 'ubuntu,debian'
        - name: VM_PASSWORD
          value: '123,123'